Process of making products with welded faces of stable surface alloy



Oct. 13,1931.

P. A. E. ARMSTRONG PROCESS OF MAKING PRODUCTS WITH WE LDEDFACES OF STABLE SURFACE ALLOY Filed Jan. 16, 1924 INVENTOR ATTOR EY Patented Oct. 13, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT orrlcr.

PERCY A. EJARMSTRONG, OF LOUDONVILLE, NEW YORK, ASSIG-NOR TO LUDL'UM STEEL COMPANY, OF WATEBVLIET, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY PROGESS OF MAKING PRODUCTS WITH WELDED FACES STABLE SURFACE ALLOY Continuation of application Serial No. 527,225, filed January 5, 1922, this application filed. January 16,

' 1924, Serial No. 686,654.

My invention relates to a process of making products with welded faces of stable surface alloy.

The present application is a continuation of my prior copending application Serial No.

527,225, filed Jan. 5, 1922.

According to the present invention I weld stable surface alloy as disclosed,for example, in my U. S. Patent No. 1,322,511 of Nov. 25,

1919, or other stable surface alloy material, such, for example, as so-called stainless steel or stainless iron, to relatively base metal, such as ordinary low carbon steel or iron, by casting the stable urface alloy against a thin section of the base metal, which becoming highly heated when the stable surface alloy is cast against it becomes welded thereto, and thereafter cast additional base metal against the base metal previously welded to the stable surface alloy, and the base metal parts being thus welded together produce an ingot or the like having substantial thicknesses of base metal with a face of stable surface alloy,

which can be drawn, 'rolled or formed into products, articles and shapes as desired.

The stable surface alloy face so obtained is securely and permanently welded and united to the base babking in the manner described.

I have shown modes of carrying outmy invention in the accompanying drawings, but

it is to be understood that same are only for illustration and for afl'ording an understanding of the invention.

In said drawings, Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view indicating the casting'in a ingot mold of stable surface alloy about two thin sections of base metal arranged back to back.

Fig. 2 is a similar view indicating the casting of Fig. 1 separatedinto parts withthe base metal sides inwardly, and casting an ingot by pouring molten base metal between the base metal faces of the parts which'have been placed inan ingot mold. Fig. 3 isa view similar to Fig. 2 indicating that the parts set in the ingot mold have been rolled down before the base metal is cast therebetween, and. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rolled bar of base metal faced with stable surface alloy.

In the embodiment illustrated thin sections 10, 10 of easy welding base metal, such as mild steel or iron, are placed back to back in an ingot mold 12 and stable surface alloy material 14 cast about them. The thin sections 10, 10 become highly heated in the casting operation and are firmly and permanentlvwelded to the stable surface alloy material. The base metal sections 10, 10 should be thin enough to take sufficient heat from the molten stable surface material cast thereagainstto overcome the non-welding tendency between such respective materials, and produce the desired good and complete weld therebetween. and should not be so extremely thin as to be melted down by heat so applied. For example, with an ingot mold about 8" x 16" a pair of base metal sections each about thick give good results. The inner or meeting surfaces of the base metal sections may advantageously be provided with a surface layer or coating of material adapted to prevent their welding or sticking together, as, for example, by being sooted in a flame of pitch or the like prior to being put in the ingot mold. The other surfaces thereof should preferably be pickled .or otherwise cleaned to promote weld formation.

The resulting ingot is cut orbroken apart along the line 16 and the resulting ingot parts 18, 18 placed with their base metal faces I 101, 101 facing toward one another and additional base metal 20 cast between-them, as in an ingot mold 22 (see Fig. 2) or the ingot parts 18, 18 may be subjected to mechanical work'as by rolling and the additional base metal 20a cast between the resulting worked down parts 18a, 18a and in contact with the base metal faces 102, 102 thereof (see Fig. 3).

The metal in faee parts 101, 102, and the likepreferably identical composition-cast met-a1 20, 20a become firmly welded together 90 in casting even though the complete ingot inserts 18, 18a are of substantial thickness, it being unnecessary to have the ingot inserts of specially thin section for welding the like materials in casting. The rolling down to produce the relatively thin laminated sections 18a while not altogether necessary to produce a weld of the base metals, is of advantage in reduction of cost to produce rolled products having a thin surface layer of stable surface steel.

When ingots so produced are rolled down, bars orother products are obtained as indicated in Fig. 4 having a face or faces of stable surface alloy 14?), 14b and a backing or interior of base metal 205, which portlon 20?),

although made up of a plurality of original parts is substantially homogeneous and is closely and firmly welded to the face parts 14?) of stable surface alloy.

Products so made, in addition to havingthe surface characteristics of the stable surface alloy used have, of course, the strength and other qualities of the backing material, Which preferably constitutes the major part of the'product.

I claim:

1. The hereindescribed process which consists in taking a base metal backing section of reduced thickness compared to'the thickness of the backing required for the final product, and having a relatively low heat absorbing capacityycasting a stable surface alloy material in molten condition against one surface Of'th base metal section in a quantity so that the heat available after absorption of a part thereof is sufficient to weld the two unlike materials together without unduly melting the thin section, and then casting base metal in a molten condition against the opposite surface of the base metal section to weld the same together.

2. The hereindescribed process which consists in taking a backing section of base metal of reduced thickness compared tothe thickness of the backing required in the final product, casting a mass of a stable surface alloy material in molten condition against one surface of the base metal section 1n a quantity to' provide a mass of large heating capacity compared to the heat absorbing capacity of the base metal section so that upon contact of the unlike material isufiicient heat is available to weld the two unlike materials together,

and" then casting base metal in molten condi-' tion against the opposite surface of the base metal'section to weld the two like materials together, and produce an ingot having a backing of base metal of substantial thickness and a facelayer of stable surface alloy.

- 3. The hereindescribed process which consists in applying a stable surface alloy in a molten condition to one face of the backing section of a base metal of reduced thickness compared to the thickness of the backing resaaseo quired in the final product and having a relative low heat absorbing capacity compared to the heating capacity of the stable surface alloy so that upon contact of the unlike materials sufficient heat is available after absorption of a part thereof to weld the unlike materials together, and then applying a base 7 metal in a molten condition to the opposite face of said base metal section to Weld the like materials together, and increase the thickness of the base metal backing relative to the thickness of the facing of stable surface alloy.

4. The hereindescribed process which consists in taking a thin section of ferrous base metal and applying to one face thereof a relatively thicker mass of a stable surface iron alloy in a molten condition so that upon contact ofthe molten mass with the relatively cooler section suficient heat is available after absorption of a part thereof to cause the two unlike materials to be welded together, and after the composite material so produced has been cooled, applying a like ferrous base metal in a molten condition to the opposite face of said thin section to weld the two latter together and produce a substantially homogeneous backing of ferrous base metal of a thickness greater thant at of the layer of stable surface iron alloy we ded thereto.

5. The hereindescribed rocess which consists in castin stablasur ace alloy material in molten con ition against core forming sections of base metal of reduced thickness compared to the thickness of the core required in the final product, the thickness of the stable surface alloy material, and the thicknesses of the sections being proportioned to provide a portion having .a large heating capacity and a portion having a relatively small heat absorbing capacity so that upon contact of the unlike materials sufficient heat is available after absorption of part thereof to cause the two unlike materials to be welded together without completely melting the base metal sections, arranging the bi-metallic members so produced with the base metal surfacesthereof facing one another and spaced apart, and casting base metal in molten condition therebetween to weld the molten base metal to the base metal surfaces and increase the thickness of the base metal core relative to the face layers of stable surface alloy material welded thereto.

6. The hereindescribed process which consists in taking core sections of mild ferrous material of reduced thickness compared to the thickness of the core of the final product and placing the same back to back, casting a mass of a stable surface iron alloy in a molten condition about said sections in a quantity to provide a mass of large heating capacity compared to the heat absorbing capacity of the relatively cool sections so that upon contact of the unlike materials heat is available after absorption of a part thereof to weld the unlike materials together, separating bi-metallic parts of the resulting product and arranging the same with the faces of mildferrous material facin one another and spaced apart, and casting mild ferrous material in molten condition therebetween to weld the like materials together, and produce an ingot having a relatively thick intermediate por- PERCY E. ARMSTRONG.

layers of stable sur- 

